高考英语定语从句（高考英语定语从句真题）

第一种类型：考查which引导的非限制性定语从句 which指代整个主句的内容，它引导的定语从句一般位于主句的后面，它的意思是“这(那)件事……”，在这些从句中which作主语或宾语。如：1. Jim passed the driving test, _________ surprised everybody in the office. (浙江卷)A. which B. that C. this D. it解析：which引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语。答案为A。第二种类型：考查as引导的非限制性定语从句 as也可指代整个主句的内容，但不同于which的是，它引导的定语从句既可以位于主句的前面，也可以位于主句的后面。它的意思是“正如”，在这些从句中as 作主语或宾语。如：1. _________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. (浙江卷)A. When B. After C. As D. Since解析：引导非限制性定语从句且位于主句之前，用as引导。答案为C。第三种类型：考查由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 用于这种情况的关系代词一般为which(指物)和whom(指人)。在这种结构中，介词的选择非常关键，可以遵循以下四个原则：(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词与介词搭配，构成动词短语。(2)根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。(3)根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的联系。当“介词＋关系代词”在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语时，可分别用when, where, why替换。(4)根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词不是由固定的动词短语构成的，要根据句子所要表达的意思，选用不同的介词。如：1. He was educated at a local grammar school, _________ he went on to Cambridge. (山东卷)A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this2. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _________ they are being trained. (江西卷)A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which解析：第1题选C，after which 指“在此之后”；第2题选D，考查的对应搭配是be trained for the jobs。 第四种类型：考查由where, when, why引导的定语从句 关系副词where, when, why引导定语从句时，它们分别在从句中充当地点时间、原因状语。如：1.—Is that the small town you often refer to?—Right, just the one _________ you know I used to work for years. (福建卷)A. that B. which C. where D. what解析：选where，表示“……的地方”，引导定语从句，表示地点。

高考英语定语从句真题

一、关系词的灵活运用 真题再现1．Some pre-school children go to a day care center,_____they learn simple games and songs.(2007年全国I卷)A．then B．there C．while D．where解析：D 考查定语从句。先行词a day care center表示地点，定语从句由关系副词where引导，相当于in which。2．Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity_____sight matters more than hearing.(2007年天津卷)A．when B．whose C．which D．where解析：D考查的是定语从句。Dancing is an activity后面是一个定语从句，修饰an activity，在定语从句中缺少状语，所以用where或in which。3．After graduation she reached a point in her career____she needed to decide what to do.(2007年江西卷)A．that B．what C．which D．where解析：D 本题考查定语从句的引导词。在定语从句中，当先行词为point, case, situation等时，通常用关系副词where引导。4．Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases_____beginners of English fail to use the language properly.(2007年陕西卷)A．which B．as C．why D．where解析：D 考查定语从句。先行词是cases，意思是：情况，状态，指物或指地点，关系词在从句中作状语，先行词指地点，用where。5．The village has developed a lot_____we lwarned farming two years ago.(2007年福建卷)A．when B．which C．that D．where解析：D 考查定语从句。先行词是the village，关系词在从句中作状语，用关系副词，先行词表地点，选D。6．The book was written in 1946,____the_____education system has witnessed great changes.(2007年山东卷)A．when B．during which C．since then D．since when解析：D 考查非限制性定语从句。Since when自从那时起，常与完成时连用。7．His movie won several awards at the film festival,_____was beyond his wildest dream.(2007年上海卷)A．which B．that C．where D．it解析：A考查定语从句。后半句是which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整句话的内容，在从句中作主语。8．We’re just trying to reach a point_____both sides will sit down together and talk.A．where B．that C．when D．which解析：A 关系副词when和where与point连用，即可表示具体的时间和地点，也能表示抽象的时间和地点。根据句意，“我们正在试图找到双方（都能接受的条件，从而使双方）能坐到一起谈判的点”，这里应是表示一个抽象的地点。9．What surprised me was not what he said but_____he said it.A．the way B．in the way that C．in the way D．the way which解析：A 根据连接成分对等性，排除B、C项。The way后的定语从句关系词可用in which，that或省略。二、引导词前介词的使用不可忽视关系代词介词的确定依据有三：介词与先行词是一种固定搭配；介词与从句中的动词是一种习惯搭配；介词与从句中的形容词是一种固定结构。真题再现1．It is reported that two schoold,_____are being built in my hometown, will open next year.(2007年四川卷)A．they both B．which both C．both of them D．both of which解析：D考查“介词 关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。在定语从句中，基于意义上的需要，可以在some, any, few, several, many, all, both, none, neither, either, each, enough, half, one, two等词之后接of whom或of which；因为该句嵌入句中，它不可能是一个并列句，排除A、C项，即使是并列句也应该有连接词。2．Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree_____they can be controlled on purpose.(2007年重庆卷)A．with which B．to which C．of which D．for which解析：B 考查定语从句。在某种程度上，用to a degree或to some degree，因此当degree作先词时，关系代词用which或that。本题因介词提前紧跟关系词，故用to which形式，答案选择B项。3．Eric received training in computer for one year,_____he found a job in a big company. (2007年辽宁卷)A．after that B．after which C．after it D．after this解析：B 考查定语从句及关系代词的选择。从句子的结构看，后面应是定语从句，“他”是接受了一年的电脑培训之后，才在一家大公司找到了一份工作的。故选after which，引导一个非限制性定语从句，起补充说明作用。4．He was educated at the local high school,_____he went on to Beijing University.(2007年江苏卷)A．after which B．after that C．in which D．in that解析：A 此题考查介词 关系代词引导的定语从句。根据题意应该是“在那以后”，故正确的答案是A。5．We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us,_____we gave some bells and glasses.A．to which B．to whom C．with whom D．with which解析：B句中的先行词指人，故排除A、D，从句中give sth.to sb. 是固定词组，介词to提到关系代词之前，故选B。6．Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes_____people were eaten by the tiger.A．in which B．by which C．which D．that解析：A 先行词the scenes在定语从句中作地点状语。其前的介词常用in。7．I was given three books on cooking, the first____I really enjoyed.A．of that B．of which C．that D．which解析：B 定语从句只修饰先行词中的一部分，of表示部分和整体之间的关系，the first of which相当于the first of the three books。句意为：他给了我三本烹饪方面的书，其中第一本我特别喜欢。三、定语从句的分隔现象在英语学习中常常遇到定语从句不是直接位于先行词之后，而是被插入语、介词短语、副词或副词短语、谓语动词、非谓语动词等隔开，这种现象被称作定语从句的分隔现象。真题再现1．Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street,____used to be poorly run, is now a successful business.(2007年浙江卷)A．that B．which C．who D．where解析：B 本题考查定语从句。从空前的逗号可知，本题考查的是非限制性定语从句，因此排除A。先行词是地点名词，但是引导在从句中作主语，因此选B。2．—Is that the small town you often refer to?—Right, just the one____you know I used to work for years.A．that B．which C．where D．what解析：C 了解答语中的插入语you know是解题的突破口。The one在宾语从句中作状语。3．The film brought the hours back to me______I was taken good care of in that far—away village.A．until B．that C．when D．where解析：C when引导定语从句，先行词the hours与定语从句被back to me分隔。四、as与which之争as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，均可指代整个句子内容，as引导非限制性定语从句，可以用在主句前，又可用在主句后，有时还可插在句中。Which引导非限制定语从句，除了指代整个句子外，还可指单个词，不能放在句首。As引导定语从句，有“正如，就像”之意，常用在as is known to sb., as has been expected, as in mentioned above, as is often the case, as anybody can see, as has been said before等表达中。真题再现1．By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself,_____can be very eye-opening and rewarding.(2007年湖南卷)A．who B．which C．what D．that解析：B 考查定语从句。先行词为前面整句话所表达的内容，故用which引导一个非限制性定语从句。2._____is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.A．Which B．When C．When D．As解析：D as引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，放在句首。3．The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running,____meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.A．who B．that C．as D．which解析：D从句中缺少主语，which指代前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语，that不能用在非限制性定语从句中。As意为“正如，就像”，不符题意。4．______I explained on the phone, you request will be considered at the next meeting.A．When B．After C．As D．Since解析：C表示“依据，正如……”之意时，用as引导。Which不能用在句首。五、对whose用法的考查Whose引导定语从句，既可指人，又可代物，在从句中作定语。真题再现1．Look out! Don’t get too close to the house____roof is under repair.A．whose B．which C．of which D．that解析：A 先行词the house与roof存在所属关系。2．George Orwell,_____was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.A．the real name B．what his real name C．his real name D．whose real name解析：D 先行词George Orwell在定语从句中作real name的定语。六、名词/代词/数词 关系词引导定语从句真题再现1．Last week, only two people came to look at the house,_____wanted to buy it.(2007安徽卷)A．none of them B．both of them C．none of whom D．neither of whom解析：D 分析该题，该句中含有两个句子，用逗号隔开，缺少连接词，所以不可用A、B项，用whom引导定语从句，从该句的信息词two people可知答案D，neither表示“两者都不”。2．The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80%______are sold abroad.A．of which B．which of C．of them D．of that解析：A 数词 关系词引导定语从句。介词后不用that。若选C，需在80%前加and。七、准确判断代替先行词的关系词在定语从句中作任何成分，正确选择关系词。关系代词（who,whom,whose,which,that）代替的先行词是表人或物的名词或代词，在从句中充当主、宾、定语等成分，作主语时，从句谓语动词的数要与先行永嘉保持一致。关系副词引导定语从句时，可在从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点或原因。真题再现1．—Where did you get to know her?—It was on the farm_____we worked.(2007年山东卷)A．that B．there C．which D．where解析：D 考查定语从句。Where在定语从句中作状语。2．We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of_____are healthy.(2007北京卷)A．that B．which C．what D．whom解析：D 分析该句，第二分句应该是定语从句，修饰先行词people，所以用whom。What只能引导名词性从句；that不可引导非限制性定语从句，也不可用在介词后面；which不可指人。3．—Do you have anything to say for yourselves?—Yes, there’s one point_____we must insist on.A．why B．where C．how D．/解析：D 引导词在句中作on的宾语，故只能用which, that或省略。

高考英语定语从句专题

定语从句详解 （任何）从句结构：“关联词 从句主语 从句谓语”位置：从句之首，主句先行词之后。成分：关系代词和关系副词均在定语从句中充当句子成分。非限制性定语从句：（1）反作补充说明，与主语关系不甚密切，朗读时先行词用降调并稍做停顿，多半逗号与主句隔开。（2）能修饰整个句子，限制性定语从句则不能。与限制性定语从句含义不同，限制-是确指，非限制性定语从句是泛指。（3）先行词为{专有名词，具有特指对象的名词}一般要用到非限制性定语从句。（4）关系代词不能用that ，先行词指{人：用who、whom；物：which } 关系代词与介词“介词 关系代词”既能引导非限制性定语从句，又能引导非限制性定语从句。介词要根据先行词、从句的谓语动词、从句中的形容词来选择，也可根据句意选择。I．介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词短语只能用which代物；和用whom代人；whose还可在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语。This is the hero of whom we are proud.I want to find the very pen with which I wrote that letter.The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.II．当介词放在句子的末尾时，可用that/which代物，that/whom/who来作为介词的宾语，且这个做介词宾语的关系代词往往忽略This is the hero that (who/whom/忽略) we are proud of.特:(1)from where为”介词 关系副词”结构,where作from的宾语,但也可引导定语从句。例如:We stood at the top of the hill,from where we can see the town.(2) 有些动词 介词所组成的短语动词，关系非常紧密，介词不能前置。例如：listen to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of关系代词的省略首先注意只有限定性定语从句才能省略，非限定性定语从句绝对不能省略。在下列情况下，可以省略关系代词。i. 当关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语的时候The people (who) we met at the party were very friendly to us.ii. 关系代词在从句中作介词宾语，而介词在句尾时Here is the man (that) you have been looking for.iii. 关系代词在从句中作系动词的表语时Shang Hai is no longer the city (that) it used to be.iv. who、which、that在there be句型中作从句主语时；和先行词为way（表示“方法”、“手段”时，定语从句用that或in which引导），关系代词总是省略。There is an old man (who ) wants to see you.The number of motorcycles（that/which）there are in Shangyu is simply surprising.I don’t like the way (that) you talk to somebody else.定语从句注意事项一、认清定语从句中的分隔现象。 有时命题者为了加大试题难度，往往把定语从句融入其它结构之中来考查考生的综合运用能力，其常用的命题手段就是将定语从句的某一部分用插入语的方式分隔开，使考生分不清楚句子结构，从而误选答案。 Miss Yang was the only girl in the office who had been invited to the party.(这里先行词girl和关系代词who之间被介词短语in the office隔开了，不能误把office作先行词。) He took away all the flowers, which, of course, made the others unhappy.(这里of course是插入语，增加了句子的难度，如果将其去掉，句子结构就简单多了。) 二、掌握定语从句中的主谓一致。 这是指当先行词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语必须在人称和数上与之保持一致。 The girl has put all the pictures in a box, which look pretty.(先行词pictures是复数，在从句中作主语，故从句的谓语用复数形式。) He is the only one of the doctors in the hospital who has two cars.( 在"one of 名词"结构中，通常名词是先行词；但在one前加the only，则one是先行词，故句子谓语用has。) 特：① one of 复数名词 关系代词 复数型动词②the (only) one of 复数名词 关系代词 单数型动词The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.Titanic is the (only) one of the most wonderful movies that has beenproduced in Hollywood.三、区分定语从句与其相似句型。 在实际运用中，要分清到底是定语从句，还是并列句、状语从句、强调句或其它句型，然后再来确定关联词。 Mr Wu has two sons, and both of them are fond of playing golf.（这里and连接的是并列句，不能用whom代替them。如去掉and，就必须用whom代替them构成定语从句。） It was last night that the terrible fire broke out. （这里是"It was 被强调部分 that... "构成的强调句型，故连接词不用when。）四、 What引导名词性从句，不能用于定语从句中。关系代词用法A)as引导的定语从句。 在中学英语中，as引导的定语从句必须掌握以下两个要点： 1. 用在the same... as；such... as；as much;as many结构中，as作主语,宾语或表语。代替先行词是人或物的名词。 I have the same mobile phone as you (have). (as作宾语) He is such a kind man as often helps others.(as作主语) 要区分such... as与such... that...的用法，在such... that... 结构中，that引导状语从句，且在从句中不作成分。 He is such a kind man that all of us like him. (从句主、宾语不缺，故用that，不用as。) 2. as引导非限制性定语从句,通常先行词为整个句子,在定语从句中做主语、宾语或表语，用来代表主句所表达的意思它引导的定语从句可位于主句之前,句子之中，主句之后。Which只能在句后，而且as有“正如”，“就象”义；而which一般强调主句所产生的结果。As is known to us all, Taiwan is part of China. =Taiwan is part of China, as / which is known to us all. 常用的2：as is said above，as already mentioned above，as is known to all，as it is，as is often the case，as is reported in thenews paper，see，expect。B）关系代词who的用法（1） who 的前行词必须是人，在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾语的whom,但是它前边不能有介词，如果带了介词就必须用宾格的whom:（介词 whom）This is the teacher who teaches us mathematics.She is the girl whom (who) I went there with.　 （可以替代）She is the girl with whom I went there.　　　 （不可替代）（2）who，that在很多情况下可以通用，但是有些情况只能用who:1. 先行词是one, ones, anyone的时候宜用who.One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.The ones who flatter me don’t please me.Don’t tell anyone about the news who oughtn’t to know it.2. 先行词为those的时候，宜用who为关系代词Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothesmade of the magic cloth.Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.3. 当先行词有比较长的后置定语的时候I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions inChinese.4. 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词为that,另一个则用who.The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.5. 在there be 开头的句子中There is an old man who wants to see you.There are many young men who are against him.C）关系代词whose的用法whose是代词的所有格，修饰名词，它既可以代人也可以代物。当代物的时候，它相当于of which。这种定语从句可以转化为“the （whose在从句中所修饰的名词） of which（whom）”引导的非限定性定语从句，先行词指人时用whom，先行词指物时用which。I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.I’ll call a person whose father knows you.Which is the car whose owner you know? (Which is the car the owner of whichyou know)Please show me the book whose cover is red. (Please show me the book the cover of which is red)D） 关系代词that的用法：从句中作主语时不能that省略，作宾语时可省略。①首先特别注意，that只能用在限定性定语从句中，在非限定性定语从句中永远不能选用that, 另外介词后边也不可用that, 而是跟which。②在限定性定语从句中，which和that在代替物的时候，一般可以通用。有些情况下，只宜用that,而不宜用whichI. 先行词是级形容词或者它前面有级形容词修饰的时候This is the best that has been used against pollution.English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during theseyears.II. 先行词是序数词，或者它前面有一个序数词修饰的时候He is the last person (that) I want to see.It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen.III. 先行词既有人又有物，宜用thatDo you know the things and persons that they are talking about?The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station.IV. 先行词是all, much, little，few， something, anything, everything, nothing,none, the one等不定代词时You should hand in all that you have.We haven’t got much that we can offer you.I mean the one that you talked about just now.V． 先行词被不定代词修饰,如all, any, every, few, little, no, some，no sooner等。例如: You can take any toy that you like. 你可以拿走你喜欢的任何玩具。 VI. 先行词前面Only, one of，the only， the same, the very，the last 等词修饰的时候。The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.Li Ming is the only one that wants to be a teacher.Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.VII. 主句已有疑问词who或者which的时候Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praixed at the meeting?VIII. 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which, 另外一个宜用that.Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.E）关系代词which的用法which作主语、宾语、表语。作表语时指人、物，指人时一般指从事某种职业或有某种特征、品性、才能的人。用法：which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表达的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可作主语、宾语、表语，多数情况下意思是与and this相似，并可指人。例如：He succeeded in the compitition，which made his parents very happy.禁忌：①如果作先行词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which；若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。②如果作先行词的是anyone，anybody，everyone，someone，somebody，关系代词应该用who或whom，不用which。例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you？③定语从句中不能作定语，但有时“whose n.”=“the n. of which”④在非限定性定语从句中，只宜用which, 不宜用that.Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a very beautiful city.⑤在限定性定语从句中which和that在指代物的时候常常可以通用，但是有时只宜用which而不用that：I 关系代词前面有介词的时候This is the hotel in which you will stay.II 如果有两个定语从句，其中的一句的关系词是that, 另一句宜用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us。如何正确地区分定语从句与同位语从句一、 定语从句是形容词从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，是用来修饰前面的名词或代词的；同位语从句是名词从句，其作用相当于一个名词，是对前面的名词作进一步解释的。例如： 1． We heard the news that he had told her. 我们听到他对她说的消息。 2． We heard the news that he had won the game. 我们听到消息他赢得了比赛。 例1中的that从句的作用相当于一个形容词，其作用是修饰the news；例2中的that从句的作用相当于一个名词，是对the news的进一步说明。 二、定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、状语等；而同位语从句中的引导词在从句只起连接作用，不作任何句子成分。例如： 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器。 2. The fact that they didnt finish the work has to be faced. 必须面对事实，他们没有完成工作。 例1中的引导词that在从句中充当句子成分，作从句的主语，故为定语从句；例2中的that只起连接作用，引导从句解释fact的内容，不作任何句子成分，故为同位语从句。 三、引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时，可以省略或被其他词代替；而同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略，更不能被代替。例如： 1. The news that she heard is true. 她听到的消息是真的。 2. The news that she will go abroad is true. 她将出国这消息是真的。 例1是定语从句，that可省略；例2是同位语从句，that不能省略。 3. The reason why he was chosen remains unknown. 他为什么被选上的原因还是不清楚。 4. The idea why he was chosen attracted our attention. 他为什么会被选上，这一想法引起我们的注意。 例3中why引导的是定语从句，why可以被 for which或 that 代替；例4中 why引导的是同位语从句，why 不能省去，也不能被其它词代替。 四、同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系，二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系，可用“主 系 表”结构来表示。例如： The news that he won the first place is true. 他赢得冠军的那个消息是真的。 上句若用“主 系 表”结构来表示，则是： The news is that he won the first place. 消息是他赢得了冠军。 意思合理，系表结构成立，故为同位语从句。 五、定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词可以是各类名词，可以有复数形式；而同位语从句一般都与抽象名词同位，一般没有复数形式。例如： 1. The possibilities that she was offered seemed very great.她得到的可能性似乎大些。 2. Her mother was worried about the possibility that her daughter dislike to go to school. 她的母亲很担心，她女儿有可能不喜欢上学。 例1中的possibilities是定语从句的先行词，可用复数形式；例2中的possibility是抽象名词，后接的是同位语从句，一般不用复数形式。 六、由when, why, where引导的定语从句分别修饰或说明表示时间、原因或地点的词，但它们引导的同位语从句一般不和表示时间或地点的词同位。例如： 1. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我仍然记得初次来北京的那天。 2. I have no idea when she will be back. 我不知道她何时回来。 3. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住的房子。 4. The question where we shall have a meeting hasnt decided. 我们到什么地方去开会，这个问题没有决定。 例1、3中的when和 where引导的是定语从句，day 和house分别表示时间和地点；例2、4中的when和 where引导的是同位语从句.关系副词和定语从句I．关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间．地点或原因。When:表示“……时候的”，是关系副词引导限制、非限制性定语从句，修饰指时间的名词，且在从句中作时间状语。This is the hour when the place is full of people.Where：作地点状语，先行词是指地点的名词，引导限制、非限制性定语从句。注：先行词是指地点的名词时，谓语动词是及物的就用that（which），负责就用where.Why或for which:作原因状语,先行词必须是the reason。但是the reason在从句中作主语或宾语时要用that，which。II. that可引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因，在 that引导的这种定语从句中，that也可以省去。