of the earliest epidemics on record happened about500-550 AD when the Roman emperor at the time wasattemptingto rebuild the Roman Empire.【句式翻译】历史上有记载的最早的传染病之一发生在公元500-550年，当时的罗马皇帝正在试图重建罗马帝国。【句式分析】本句包含一个when引导的限制性定语从句，从句中运用了过去进行时。【词语点拨】attempt v.& ，试图William attempted to find the solution to the 。He was nearly drowned in the attempt to swim 。【语法点拨】过去进行时的构成：was/were doing，表示“过去某个时间正在进行的动作”。常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。如：What was he writing all day last Sunday?上周日他一整天都在写什么?My brother fell while hewas ridinghis bicycle and hurt 。9. The last few years have seen environmentaldisasterson a grand scale, andexperts are predicting far worse to come.【句式翻译】最近的几年里，人们见证了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将发生。【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了现在完成时。【词语点拨】on a grand scale大规模地，大张旗鼓地We should popularize scienceona grand 。【语法点拨】现在完成时的构成：has/have done，常表示“某一动作或状态发生在过去，对现在有影响”，也可表示“持续到现在的动作或状态”。常用的时间状语：for或since引导的时间状语及before, until now, up till now,so far, up to the moment, in the last few years等。如：Wehave bookeda roomfor today and 。The househas been emptyfor 。(现在仍空着)10. In the last few decades, scientists havereachedconsensusand reported that human beings are causing changes inthe Earth’s climate -- something previously seen asbeyondour control.【句式翻译】最近几十年，科学家们达成共识并报道说，人类正在引起地球的气候变化—而这在以前看来是我们不能控制的。【句式分析】本句是复合句，含有一个that引导的宾语从句，主句中运用了现在完成时。【词语点拨】1) reach (a) consensus 达成共识，达成一致意见It is very difficult for them toreach a consensuson this 。2) beyond prep. 超过;越过;在…较远的一边The delay was caused by heavy weather and wasbeyond our ，我们无法控制。The beauty of the scene wasbeyond 。Linda always wondered what wasbeyond the 。【语法点拨】现在完成时，具体用法第10句。11. Treatments for jellyfish stings and snakebites havealso beendevelopedand in thelast five years there have been only three deaths from jellyfish stings andabout the same number from snakebites.【句式翻译】治疗水母刺伤和毒蛇咬伤方法也已经研制成功，在过去的五年里只有三人死于水母刺伤，这与被蛇咬伤致死的人数大体相同。【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了现在完成时的被动语态。【词语点拨】develop ，发展，研制(新产品)Over the last few years tourism here ，这里的旅游业获得了相当大的发展。The two companies have teamed up todevelopa new racing 。【语法点拨】现在完成时的被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态的结构的叠合，即：has/havebeen done，表示“过去发生的动作对现在有影响或持续到并且主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系”。常用的时间状语：for或since引导的时间状语及before, until now, up till now,so far, up to the moment, in the last few years等。如：The office looks nice. Ithas just been 。它刚被打扫过。The machinehas been repairedfor two 。12. Adverts are not only made and paid for bybusiness, but also by individuals, organizations and associations that wish toinformor educate the public. 广告不仅【句式翻译】广告可由商家付费制作，也可以由想给公众传达某种信息或教育公众的个人、组织或协会来出资制作。【句式分析】本句是由并列连词not only…but also连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了一般现在时的被动语态。【词语点拨】inform vt. 通知 ，告知;构成短语：inform sb of sth 通知 某人某事I shallinform yousoonofthe date of my 。I regret toinform you thatI am unable to help 。【语法点拨】一般现在时的被动语态的构成：is/are done。表示“现在经常性、习惯性的动作，并且主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系”。A lot of foodis 。Millions of tons of waste and poisonous gasesare sent intothe air with the smoke. 数百万吨的废气和毒气随着烟尘散发到空中。13. Margaret,marriedwith two small children, has been working for the last seven years as anight cleaner, cleaning offices in a big building.【句式翻译】玛格丽特，已婚，带着两个孩子，七年来一直在做清洁工，晚上给一座大楼里的办公室打扫卫生。【句式分析】本句是简单句，运用了现在完成进行时，包含有两个非谓语短语，marriedwith…在句中作后置定语，cleaning offices作伴随状语。【词语点拨】marry v. (使)结婚;嫁;娶Because of her beauty, she has managed tomarryabove ，她得以嫁给一个地位比她高的人。Im sure Jack was sincere when he said he wanted tomarry 。Theygot married toeachother against their parents’ 。【语法点拨】现在完成进行时的构成：has/have been doing。表示“一个动作从过去某个时间开始，延续到并且还有可能持续下去”。如：Youhave been sittingin front of that computer too 。No wonder he is so tired. Hehas been workingall ，他工作一天了。 since they were first put on the market in theearly 1990s, genetically modified (GM 转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed inmany countries in the world, mainly on thebasisof their promise to end the worldwide food crisis.【句式翻译】自从二十世纪九十年代早期首次投入市场以来，转基因食物就不断地在很多国家开发和销售，主要是基于想要结束世界粮食危机。【句式分析】本句是一个含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句，have been developed and marketed…是现在完成时的被动语态形式。【词语点拨】basis n. 基础;构成短语：on the basis of 以……为基础Don’t evaluate a persononthe basis 。Mr. Smith goes to the gymona regular 。【语法点拨】现在完成时的被动语态，具体用法第11句。 nine o’clock on Saturday morning, I’ll be sitting in the front rowandlistening tothe great professorWillard talking about the future of my brain.【句式翻译】星期六上午九点钟，我将会坐在前排，聆听伟大的威拉德教授谈论大脑的未来发展。【句式分析】本句是简单句，运用了将来进行时，含有一个复合宾语的结构，talkingabout…在句中作宾补。【词语点拨】listen vi. 听(后面常接介词to)Whatever you said, he simply wouldn’’re going tolisten toareport this 。【语法点拨】将来进行时的构成：will be doing，表示“将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作”。常用延续性动词,常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。如：The ministerwill be givinga speech on international 。Please don’t call me between 8:00 and 10:00 tomorrow. I’ll be havingmy classes then.
20个英语复杂句及解析
一、谓语动词和非谓语动词
从是否能充当句子中的谓语来看，动词有谓语动词和非谓语动词两大类。
1、谓语动词
有人称和数的变化。如：He is a tractor 。
2、非谓语动词
非谓语动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，在句子里都不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。如：I am pleased to meet 。(动词不定式)
二、实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词
从其含义来分，动词有实义动词(notional verb)，连系动词(link verb)，情态动词(modal verb)和助动词(auxiliary verb)四类。
1、实义动词
实义动词有完全的词义，并能独立作谓语动词。
如：The sun shone brightly this morning.
今天早晨阳光灿烂。
2、连系动词
连系动词在句中作谓语动词，后面跟表语。英语连系动词有be(是)，seem(似乎)，look(看来)，keep(保持)，become(变成)，get(变得)，grow(变得)，feel(感到)，turn(变得，变成)，appear(显得)，remain(仍旧是)等。
如：It is never too late to mend.
改过不嫌晚。
3、情态动词 情态动词有can (能)，may (可以，也许)，must(必须)等，表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词。
4、助动词
助动词有shall，will，have，be，should，wonld， do等。它们只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式，以及否定和疑问等结构中的谓语动词。三、及物动词和不及物动词
从是否能直接跟宾语来分，实义动词又有及物动词和不及物动词两类。
1、及物动词
后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。
如：I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.
我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。
2、不及物动词
本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。
如：It happened in June 1932.
这件事发生于一九三；年六月。
3、兼作及物动词和不及物动词 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况：
a) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变。试比较：
Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)
She began working as a librarian after she left 。(began作及物动词)
b) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，有时意义不尽相同。
如：Wash your hands before 。
四、情态动词
在行为动词、连系动词以外，还有两类动词，其中之一就是情态动词。从字面上看，我们就知道这是表示“感情与态度”的动词。
比如：I can do it without much difficulty. （能够，表示自信）
情态动词的英文说法modal verb，还是值得推敲的。modal，来自于名词mode，和modality（模式，方式）紧密相关，包括likelihood可能性, ability 能力, permission 许可与obligation责任这四种模式。
情态动词自身所具备的意义一般来说也是不完整的，不过和需要涉及其他事物的及物动词不同，情态动词不涉及其他事物，需要的是其他动词，即行为动词和连系动词，来配合使用。
一般来说情态动词是不能用作行为动词的，但也有例外，比如need，既可以用作情态动词，也可以是行为动词，看它的后面跟的是什么。
五、助动词
还有一类动词，也是意义上不完整、需要配合行为动词、连系动词使用的，那就是助动词。顾名思义，助动词就是用来帮助主要动词构成谓语的。
主要包括进行时态的be（is / am / are / was / were）、一般时态的do / does / did，将来时态的will / shall / would / should和完成时态的have / has / had。这种动词的英文名称叫auxiliary verb，简写是v. aux.。
历年高考长难句100例
51. News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement ,没有达成协议。简析：关键词break down失败，reach an agreement达成协议。52. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once have they quarreled with each ，两人从来没有一次争吵。简析：含主谓倒装句。53. After all, Ed’s idea of exercise has always been nothing more effort-making than lifting a fork to his ，伊德搞锻炼的想法根本没有进餐使用刀叉那么费力。简析：含比较级句型。 a result , at the point in our game when I’d have figured on (predicted) the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor , it was instead 7 to 9 — and Ed was ，我曾预料这场比赛对我有利，比分大概是9比1，结果比分反而是7比9，伊德暂时领先。简析：关键词figure on预计，估计;in one’s favor对某人有利。 when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly notice , I was so surprised that I was speechless , my cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape .因此当伊德来参加我们的比赛时,我发现他不仅将衬衫的底部扎进裤里,而且几乎注意不到他的肚子,我感到很惊奇,以致无话可说,我的表弟过去一定努力把自己训练好,保持很好的竞技状态。简析：含有not only…but also…及so…that…的句型结构，must have 。 a way , I think we both won : I the game , but cousin Ed my ，我认为我们都赢了，我赢得了这次比赛，伊德表弟赢得了我的尊重。简析：承前省略谓语动词won。57. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows what to do with 。简析：含比较级句型。58. The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change 。简析：夹杂过去分词短语once begun。59. The mother didn’t know who to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was ，因为打破玻璃这件事是她不在家里的时候发生的。简析：关键词be to blame受责备。 I was in the army I received an intelligence test that all soldiers took, and , against an average of 100 , scored ，我曾接受过所有战士都参加的智力测试,与平均分100分相比，我得了160分。简析：关键词against 与…相比较。 didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it worked out very well我们原不是那样计划艺术展览的，但出来的结果却很好。简析：关键词work out 结果是……62. The home improvements have taken what little there is of my spare time .房子装修花费我的闲暇时间不多。简析：句型结构little of的用法，例We see very little of our children (we do not see them often) now that they are grown ，所以我们现在很少见到他们。63. Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the ，现在要清理为时太晚。简析：含too…to…句型及现在分词的完成式。64. Most believe the footprints are nothing more than ordinary animal tracks , which had been made larger as they melted and refroze in the ，这些足迹由于在雪里融化再结冰而变大了。简析：关键词nothing more than only。65. But if they ever succeed in catching one, they may face a real problem: would they put it in a zoo or give it a room in a hotel?但若他们真的抓住一个“雪人”的话，那么他们可能面临一个现实问题：他们会把它放进动物园，还是在一个旅馆里给它一个房间呢?简析：含选择疑问句型。66. With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent %，公司又经历了一个极好的年头。简析：含with构成的介词短语。67. The WTO cannot live up to its name if it dose not include a country that is home to one fifth of ，那么它就不能名副其实。简析：关键词live up to one’s name 名副其实。68. It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you ，而不是你来自什么地方，或是你是什么身份。简析：强调句型It is 强调部分 that / who 从句。69. How could I ever get him to finish unloading the car without screaming at me and making a scene in front of the other girls, who I would have to spend the rest of the year with?我怎么才能让父亲卸完车上的行李而不向我大喊大叫，在其他女孩子面前出洋相呢?我还要和这些女孩一起度过以后的日子。简析：关键词make a scene 大吵大闹，出洋相。’s face turned decidedly less red before he could bring out a “yes”.父亲在说出一声“是”之前,脸终于没有先前那么红了。简析：迂回表达，心情如释重负。71. Soon I heard a sound like that of a door burst in , and then a climb of ，接着是一阵上楼的脚步声。简析：that替代前而的sound。72. Father took the still smoking pistol from my hand, and fired another shot, which killed the ，又开了一枪，这才杀死了那只大猩猩。简析：关键词fire another shot 又开了一枪。 happened that father had sent us upstairs because he thought he would be able to lock the door—which was twenty feet away—before the animal reached ,爸爸先把我们送上楼，因为他原以为他能够在那个动物赶到之前(距离20英尺远)将门锁上。简析：句型结构It happened that…事情发生是这样的…74. He certainly looked the part all right, he thought, as he admired himself in the ，他想他当然看上去很适合那个角色。简析：关键词all right确实，无疑。75. He put his head in his hands and tried to remember his lines, but nothing came to his ，尽力的想台词，但什么也想不起来。简析：迂回表达nothing came to his mind=He remembered . In fact the more he watched the play, the more he felt himself part of ，他越是观看这台戏剧，他越是认为自己已进入角色。简析：句型结构the more…the more…越…越…77. Instead she took a short walk in a park nearby and came home, letting herself in through the back ，她在附近公园散步一会儿就回到家，她经过后门让自己进去的。简析：分词短语letting herself in 作状语。78. She settled down to wait and see what would ，看会发生什么事。简析：关键词settle down to do sth 静下心来做…79. Picking up the kettle of boiling water, she moved quietly towards the ，悄悄地向门移动。简析：现在分词短语作伴随状语。80. A sharp cry was heard outside as the wire fell to the floor and the hand was pulled back, which was followed by the sound of running ，哪只手缩回时，外面传来尖叫声，接着是逃跑的声音。简析：三处被动语态间接描述小偷遭到的惩罚。81. It wasn’t long before the police caught the 。简析：句型结构It wasn’t long before 从句，很快就…82. Then, I noticed a tall man by the door, carrying something covered with brown ，我注意到门旁一个高个子男人，拿着用棕色纸遮盖着的某种东西。简析：含两个分词短语。83. Turning to my next customer, I was terrified to see a gun stuck out of his ，看见一杆枪从他的外套伸出来，我非常恐惧。简析：过去分词短语作to see的宾补。84.“Smith!” the manager cried out in a voice like thunder “None of your excuses! Go start work at once! ”“史密斯!”经理用象雷一样的声音大喊，“你不要找借口!给我立即开始工作。”简析：口语化的语言。85. Waiting above the crowded streets, on top of a building 110 stories high, was Philippe ，人群拥挤的大街上空等候。简析：含倒装句型及分词用法。86. Philippe took his first step with great care. The wire held Now he was sure he could do ，钢丝绳承受住了，现在他确信他可以走钢丝了。简析：关键词hold (vi) 承受。 thousands of terrified(badly frightened)watchers stared with their hearts beating ，他们的心跳很快。简析：含with构成的介词短语。88. Already she does many things a human being can 。简析：含定语从句。89. She even enjoys watching television before going to 。简析：含分词及动名词。90. The measure of a man’s real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found 。简析：表语从句中还含有虚拟语气。 years after being introduced to McCauley’s words, they still seem to me the best yardstick(准绳), because they give us a way to measure ourselves rather than ，它对我来说仍是最好的人生准则，因为这句名言给我们提供了一种衡量我们自己而不是他人的方法。简析：关键词introduce引见，例：Let me introduce you to the pleasures of wine-tasting让我给你说说品酒的乐趣。92. Few of us are asked to make great decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle, but all of us are called upon daily to make a great many personal ，军队进行战斗的重大决定，但我们每天都要求作出很多个人的决定。简析：含动名词的所有格形式。93. Here’s a fellow who just walks into a bank and helps himself to so much ，就这样走进一家银行，擅自拿走这么多钱。简析：help oneself to擅自拿走。94. Todd thought of the difficulty with which he managed to get the amount of money he needed to start his gas ，他曾设法搞一大笔钱，他需要这笔钱来开办他的加油站。简析：夹杂两个定语从句。95. Don’t pick up strangers and all your folks in gas stations better not do service to a white Ford ，加油站所有的工作人员最好不要为一辆白色福特牌小汽车服务。简析：关键词folks，加油站的工作人员。96. “Fill her up”, the man said sounding like any other driver.“给车加油”那个男人说，听起来(这个劫匪)就好像是其他任何一名司机。简析：关键词sound like 听起来像…97. It seemed that there was no suitable work for 。简析：关键词suitable适合的。98. But when John and his fellow soldier came in sight some of the people watching couldn’t help laughing at the one who couldn’t keep pace with the others as they march ，一些观看的人们禁不住嘲笑那个在行进中不能同步的那个人(约翰)。简析：句子结构较复杂，关键词keep pace with 与…步伐一致。99. They not only make it difficult to sleep at night, but they are doing damage to our houses and shops of historical ，而且他们损害我们历史名胜的房子和商店。简析：句型结构not only…but (also) …不仅…而且…100. Hary also studying biology said they wanted to make as much noise as possible to force the government officials to realize what everybody was having to 。简析：句型结构as...as possible尽可能地……
